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<title>Staphylococcus epidermidis</title>

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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i></h1>

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<th><i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>

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<p><a href="Rasterelektronenmikroskop" title="Rasterelektronenmikroskop">rasterelektronenmikroskopische</a> Aufnahme von <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>

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<th><a href="Systematik_(Biologie)" title="Systematik (Biologie)">Systematik</a>

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<td><i><a href="Abteilung_(Biologie)" title="Abteilung (Biologie)">Abteilung</a>:</i>

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<td><a href="Firmicutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Firmicutes">Firmicutes</a>

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<td><i><a href="Klasse_(Biologie)" title="Klasse (Biologie)">Klasse</a>:</i>

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<td><a href="Bacilli" title="Bacilli">Bacilli</a>

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<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung</a>:</i>

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<td><a href="Bacillales" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacillales">Bacillales</a>

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<td><i><a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a>:</i>

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<td><a href="Staphylococcaceae" title="Staphylococcaceae">Staphylococcaceae</a>

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<td><i><a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a>:</i>

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<td><a href="Staphylokokken" title="Staphylokokken"><i>Staphylococcus</i></a>

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<td><i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>

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<th><a href="Nomenklatur_(Biologie)" title="Nomenklatur (Biologie)">Wissenschaftlicher Name</a>

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<td class="taxo-name"><i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>

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<td class="Person">(<a href="Charles-Edward_Amory_Winslow" title="Charles-Edward Amory Winslow">Winslow</a> & Winslow 1908) <a href="Alice_Catherine_Evans" title="Alice Catherine Evans">Evans</a> 1916<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p><i><b>Staphylococcus epidermidis</b></i> (syn. <i>Staphylococcus albus</i>, <i>Micrococcus epidermidis</i>), benannt nach der <a href="Epidermis_(Wirbeltiere)" title="Epidermis (Wirbeltiere)">Epidermis</a>, ist ein <a href="Fakultativ_anaerob" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakultativ anaerob">fakultativ anaerobes</a>, <a href="Koagulase-Reaktion" title="Koagulase-Reaktion">Koagulase-negatives</a>, kokkoides (= <a href="Kokken" title="Kokken">kokkenförmiges</a>), <a href="Gram-F%C3%A4rbung#grampositiv" title="Gram-Färbung">grampositives</a> <a href="Bakterium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakterium">Bakterium</a> aus der Gattung der <a href="Staphylokokken" title="Staphylokokken">Staphylokokken</a> (<i>Staphylococcus</i>), welches in <a href="Diplokokke" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplokokke">Paaren</a> oder <a href="Tetrakokken" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrakokken">Tetraden</a> vorkommt.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Deutschland wird es in die <a href="Biologische_Risikogruppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Biologische Risikogruppe">Biologische Risikogruppe</a> 2 als <a href="Pathogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathogen">Pathogen</a> für Mensch und Tier, jedoch ohne Übertragung zwischen diesen eingestuft.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vorkommen">Vorkommen</h2></div>

<p><i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> besiedelt die Haut und Schleimhäute des Menschen. Das Bakterium findet sich auch auf Lebensmitteln sowie auf der Haut und den Schleimhäuten einiger Säugetiere. Hervorzuheben ist seine Fähigkeit, die Oberflächen von Medizinprodukten wie <a href="Katheter" title="Katheter">Kathetern</a> mit einem <a href="Biofilm" title="Biofilm">Biofilm</a> zu besiedeln.<sup id="cite_ref-Nature-Reviews_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nature-Reviews-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Da es sich um einen <a href="Kommensal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kommensal">kommensalen</a> Hautkeim handelt, werden neben <a href="Implantat" title="Implantat">Implantaten</a> auch Laborproben häufig durch <i>S. epidermidis</i> kontaminiert, was die Diagnostik erschwert.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Multiresistenz" title="Multiresistenz">Multiresistente</a> Stämme können zu vorwiegend <a href="Nosokomiale_Infektion" title="Nosokomiale Infektion">nosokomialen Infektionen</a> bei <a href="Immunsuppression" title="Immunsuppression">immunsupprimierten</a> Patienten führen, die sich im Krankenhaus weiter ausbreiten und nur schwer behandeln lassen.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Vancomycin" title="Vancomycin">Vancomycinresistente</a> Stämme lassen sich auch in der Tierzucht nachweisen, da dort <a href="Antibiotika" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotika">Antibiotika</a> zur Leistungssteigerung in der Mast verabreicht werden.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnostik">Diagnostik</h2></div>

<p>Kulturell kann die Unterscheidung zu <i><a href="Staphylococcus_aureus" title="Staphylococcus aureus">Staphylococcus aureus</a></i> auf dem <a href="Mannit-Kochsalz-Agar" title="Mannit-Kochsalz-Agar">Mannit-Kochsalz-Agar</a> nach Chapman erfolgen.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Molekularbiologisch wird die Differenzierung mittels <a href="Polymerase-Kettenreaktion" title="Polymerase-Kettenreaktion">PCR</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und <a href="Real_time_PCR" class="mw-redirect" title="Real time PCR">real time PCR</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> durchgeführt.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weiterführende_Literatur"><span id="Weiterf.C3.BChrende_Literatur"></span>Weiterführende Literatur</h2></div>

<ul><li>VijayKumar Patra, Slave Trajanoski, Aaroh Joshi, Vanina Lenief, Chloe Goyet, Altan Cornu, Nicole Golob-Schwarzl, Meghana Somlapura, Amandine Mosnier, Maximilian Zarfl, Thomas Eichmann, Harald Köefeler, Mary Norval, Jean-Francois Nicolas, Peter Wolf, Marc Vocanson: <i>Urocanase-Positive Skin-Resident Bacteria Metabolize cis-Urocanic Acid and in Turn Reduce the Immunosuppressive Properties of UVR.</i> In. <i>Journal of Investigative Dermatology</i> (JID), Epub 13. Mai 2025; <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2025.03.035">10.1016/j.jid.2025.03.035</a></span> (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a>). Dazu:

<ul><li>Jess Cockerill: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/bacteria-living-on-your-skin-may-help-protect-you-from-the-sun-study-says">Bacteria Living on Your Skin May Help Protect You From The Sun, Study Says</a>. Auf: sience<sup>alert</sup> vom 24. Mai 2025.</li></ul></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:italic">Taxonomy of the species Staphylococcus epidermidis (Winslow and Winslow 1908) Evans 1916 (Approved Lists 1980)</cite>. <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1601/tx.5246">10.1601/tx.5246</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Staphylococcus+epidermidis&rft.btitle=Taxonomy+of+the+species+Staphylococcus+epidermidis+%28Winslow+and+Winslow+1908%29+Evans+1916+%28Approved+Lists+1980%29&rft.doi=10.1601%2Ftx.5246&rft.genre=book" style="display:none"> </span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Karl H. Schleifer, Wesley E. Kloos: <cite style="font-style:italic">Isolation and Characterization of Staphylococci from Human Skin I. Amended Descriptions of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Descriptions of Three New Species: Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus xylosus</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>25</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, 1975, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221466-5026%22&key=cql">1466-5026</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>50–61</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-25-1-50">10.1099/00207713-25-1-50</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Staphylococcus+epidermidis&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+Characterization+of+Staphylococci+from+Human+Skin+I.+Amended+Descriptions+of+Staphylococcus+epidermidis+and+Staphylococcus+saprophyticus+and+Descriptions+of+Three+New+Species%3A+Staphylococcus+cohnii%2C+Staphylococcus+haemolyticus%2C+and+Staphylococcus+xylosus&rft.au=Karl+H.+Schleifer%2C+Wesley+E.+Kloos&rft.date=1975&rft.doi=10.1099%2F00207713-25-1-50&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=1466-5026&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology%2C&rft.pages=50-61&rft.volume=25" style="display:none"> </span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baua.de/DE/Angebote/Rechtstexte-und-Technische-Regeln/Regelwerk/TRBA/pdf/TRBA-466.pdf">TRBA 466 „Einstufung von Prokaryonten (Bacteria und Archaea) in Risikogruppen“</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Nature-Reviews-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Nature-Reviews_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Otto: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Staphylococcus epidermidis — the 'accidental' pathogen</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Nature Reviews Microbiology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>8</span>, 2009, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221740-1534%22&key=cql">1740-1534</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>555–567</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2182">10.1038/nrmicro2182</a></span> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Staphylococcus+epidermidis&rft.atitle=Staphylococcus+epidermidis+%E2%80%94+the+%27accidental%27+pathogen&rft.au=Michael+Otto&rft.date=2009&rft.doi=10.1038%2Fnrmicro2182&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=1740-1534&rft.issue=8&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews+Microbiology&rft.pages=555-567&rft.volume=7" style="display:none"> </span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Isaiah Tolo, Jonathan C. Thomas, Rebecca S. B. Fischer, Eric L. Brown, Barry M. Gray, D. Ashley Robinson: <cite style="font-style:italic">Do Staphylococcus epidermidis Genetic Clusters Predict Isolation Sources?</cite> In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Clinical Microbiology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>54</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7</span>, 2016, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220095-1137%22&key=cql">0095-1137</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1711–1719</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.03345-15">10.1128/JCM.03345-15</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27076664?dopt=Abstract">PMID 27076664</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Staphylococcus+epidermidis&rft.atitle=Do+Staphylococcus+epidermidis+Genetic+Clusters+Predict+Isolation+Sources%3F&rft.au=Isaiah+Tolo%2C+Jonathan+C.+Thomas%2C+Rebecca+S.+B.+Fischer%2C+...&rft.date=2016&rft.doi=10.1128%2FJCM.03345-15&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=0095-1137&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.pages=1711-1719&rft.pmid=27076664&rft.volume=54" style="display:none"> </span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Micael Widerström, Cheryll A. McCullough, Geoffrey W. Coombs, Tor Monsen, Keryn J. Christiansen: <cite style="font-style:italic">A Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Clone (ST2) Is an Ongoing Cause of Hospital-Acquired Infection in a Western Australian Hospital</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Clinical Microbiology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>50</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>6</span>, 2012, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220095-1137%22&key=cql">0095-1137</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2147–2151</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.06456-11">10.1128/JCM.06456-11</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442320?dopt=Abstract">PMID 22442320</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Staphylococcus+epidermidis&rft.atitle=A+Multidrug-Resistant+Staphylococcus+epidermidis+Clone+%28ST2%29+Is+an+Ongoing+Cause+of+Hospital-Acquired+Infection+in+a+Western+Australian+Hospital&rft.au=Micael+Widerstr%C3%B6m%2C+Cheryll+A.+McCullough%2C+Geoffrey+W.+Coombs%2C+...&rft.date=2012&rft.doi=10.1128%2FJCM.06456-11&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=0095-1137&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.pages=2147-2151&rft.pmid=22442320&rft.volume=50" style="display:none"> </span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Simona Gazzola, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli: <cite style="font-style:italic">Vancomycin heteroresistance and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis from food</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Microbiology,</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>154</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>10</span>, 2008, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221350-0872%22&key=cql">1350-0872</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3224–3231</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.2008%2F021154-0">10.1099/mic.0.2008/021154-0</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Staphylococcus+epidermidis&rft.atitle=Vancomycin+heteroresistance+and+biofilm+formation+in+Staphylococcus+epidermidis+from+food&rft.au=Simona+Gazzola%2C+Pier+Sandro+Cocconcelli&rft.date=2008&rft.doi=10.1099%2Fmic.0.2008%2F021154-0&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=1350-0872&rft.issue=10&rft.jtitle=Microbiology%2C&rft.pages=3224-3231&rft.volume=154" style="display:none"> </span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Werner Back: <cite style="font-style:italic">Farbatlas und Handbuch der Getränkebiologie. Teil 2: Fruchtsaft- und Limonadenbetriebe, Wasser-, Betriebshygiene, Milch und Milchprodukte, Begleitorganismen der Getränkeindustrie</cite>. Fachverl. Carl, Nürnberg 2000, ISBN 3-418-00760-0, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>80</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Staphylococcus+epidermidis&rft.au=Werner+Back&rft.btitle=Farbatlas+und+Handbuch+der+Getr%C3%A4nkebiologie.+Teil+2%3A+Fruchtsaft-+und+Limonadenbetriebe%2C+Wasser-%2C+Betriebshygiene%2C+Milch+und+Milchprodukte%2C+Begleitorganismen+der+Getr%C3%A4nkeindustrie&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3418007600&rft.pages=80&rft.place=N%C3%BCrnberg&rft.pub=Fachverl.+Carl" style="display:none"> </span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Francis Martineau, François J. Picard, Danbing Ke, Sonia Paradis, Paul H. Roy, Marc Ouellette, Michel G. Bergeron: <cite style="font-style:italic">Development of a PCR Assay for Identification of Staphylococci at Genus and Species Levels</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Clinical Microbiology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>39</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7</span>, 2001, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220095-1137%22&key=cql">0095-1137</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2541–2547</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.7.2541-2547.2001">10.1128/JCM.39.7.2541-2547.2001</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11427566?dopt=Abstract">PMID 11427566</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Staphylococcus+epidermidis&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+PCR+Assay+for+Identification+of+Staphylococci+at+Genus+and+Species+Levels&rft.au=Francis+Martineau%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois+J.+Picard%2C+Danbing+Ke%2C+...&rft.date=2001&rft.doi=10.1128%2FJCM.39.7.2541-2547.2001&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=0095-1137&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.pages=2541-2547&rft.pmid=11427566&rft.volume=39" style="display:none"> </span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. J. Edwards, M. E. Kaufmann, N. A. Saunders: <cite style="font-style:italic">Rapid and Accurate Identification of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci by Real-Time PCR</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Clinical Microbiology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>39</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>9</span>, 2001, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220095-1137%22&key=cql">0095-1137</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3047–3051</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.9.3047-3051.2001">10.1128/JCM.39.9.3047-3051.2001</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11526126?dopt=Abstract">PMID 11526126</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Staphylococcus+epidermidis&rft.atitle=Rapid+and+Accurate+Identification+of+Coagulase-Negative+Staphylococci+by+Real-Time+PCR&rft.au=K.+J.+Edwards%2C+M.+E.+Kaufmann%2C+N.+A.+Saunders&rft.date=2001&rft.doi=10.1128%2FJCM.39.9.3047-3051.2001&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=0095-1137&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.pages=3047-3051&rft.pmid=11526126&rft.volume=39" style="display:none"> </span></span>

</li>

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